Change Orders and Contractual Claims Training Course

Duration 10 days 20 modules · 65 contact hours
Level Intermediate Certificate on completion
Who attends Contracts Managers, Project Managers and others
Fee from USD 2,200 KSh 190,000 for Kenyan organisations
Where 52 cities + online See dates by city
Next start 16 Nov 2026 Course code SD-CM-120

Before you join: Participants should have practical exposure to projects, procurement, contract administration, commercial management or site delivery.

Dates & prices

Two start dates a month in every city, and live online on weekdays or weekends. Fees are per participant; classroom fees include tuition, materials, lunch and refreshments, and the certificate.

Suggest a date or city

Showing the next six months. Later dates, other cities and private deliveries for your team are available on request.

Course overview

Change orders and contractual claims determine whether project teams recover the time and money caused by changed scope, late information, restricted access, disruption, defective employer inputs and other events outside their agreed obligations. Poor notice discipline, incomplete records and weak cause-and-effect analysis can turn a valid entitlement into an unrecoverable cost. Conversely, poorly assessed contractor submissions can expose employers to avoidable payments, programme extensions and disputes.

This course develops the practical controls required to manage changes from instruction through valuation, time assessment, negotiation and close-out. Participants examine contract administration under common approaches such as FIDIC and NEC4, with attention to notice clauses, early warnings, compensation events, variations, extension-of-time claims, disruption claims and concurrent delay. They learn to read operative clauses, establish contractual entitlement, build contemporaneous records, price changed work, analyse delay and prepare defensible claim or response documents.

Teaching combines focused briefings with construction, infrastructure, engineering and procurement cases. Participants work through contract extracts, correspondence, programme updates, site records, change registers and cost data. They prepare parts of a live-style change and claims file, review submissions from both employer and contractor viewpoints, and practise structured settlement discussions. Each participant leaves with a reusable change-control and claims-management pack containing registers, notice tools, evidence plans, assessment templates and a completed claim or response dossier.

The course suits professionals who administer, supervise, procure or deliver projects with formal contracts. It is particularly relevant where project work involves design development, regulated procurement, complex interfaces, uncertain site conditions, programme pressure or multiple subcontractors.

What you will be able to do

  • Interpret change, notice, payment and claims clauses within project contracts
  • Establish contractual entitlement using a cause-effect-entitlement analysis
  • Draft compliant notices, early warnings and reservation-of-rights correspondence
  • Maintain a change register and contemporaneous evidence plan
  • Value variations using contract rates, quotations, dayworks and defined-cost records
  • Assess time entitlement using critical path and concurrent-delay principles
  • Prepare a substantiated extension-of-time claim or employer response
  • Negotiate claim settlements using issue matrices and documented settlement terms

Benefits of attending

For you

  • Write notices that preserve contractual rights and meet time-bar requirements
  • Identify weak evidence before a change becomes a disputed claim
  • Assess contractor claims with clearer contractual and factual reasoning
  • Build credible extension-of-time and disruption submissions
  • Lead commercial discussions with documented settlement positions

For your organisation

  • Earlier identification of change impacts and contractual deadlines
  • Fewer lost entitlements caused by late or defective notices
  • More consistent valuation of variations and compensation events
  • Better project records for claims defence and dispute avoidance
  • Faster commercial close-out through structured negotiation files

Course modules

20 modules over 10 days

Participants can distinguish changes, claims, disputes and routine contract administration actions.

  • Contract lifecycle from award through final account and dispute resolution
  • Changes, variations, claims and disputes distinguished by contractual consequence
  • Employer, contractor, engineer and contract administrator decision authorities
  • Scope baseline, contract documents and order-of-precedence rules compared
  • Entitlement, causation, notice and quantum within a claim structure
  • Claims prevention through disciplined administration and timely issue escalation

Participants can identify operative clauses and translate them into administration actions.

  • Operative clause reading using trigger, duty, deadline and remedy
  • Definitions, interpretation clauses and incorporated documents affecting entitlement
  • Notice provisions, time bars and deemed-waiver consequences examined
  • Written instruction requirements and limits on verbal site directions
  • Payment, valuation and record clauses linked to changed work
  • Clause matrix mapping events to notices, evidence and decisions

Participants can classify project events and determine the correct change route.

  • Change sources: design revisions, access restrictions, utilities and statutory actions
  • Scope creep separated from instructed variations and contractor-design obligations
  • Constructive change indicators in conduct, correspondence and site conditions
  • Employer risk, contractor risk and shared-risk events allocated
  • Change taxonomy built for scope, time, cost and disruption
  • Materiality screening for minor changes and potential claim events

Participants can establish a practical workflow for receiving, approving and closing changes.

  • Change register fields for event, owner, status, value and dates
  • Workflow gates from potential change through instruction and implementation
  • Authority matrix defining technical, commercial and contractual approvals
  • Change request forms capturing scope, assumptions and programme effects
  • Interface with risk registers, document control and payment certification
  • Weekly change review agenda focused on deadlines and unresolved actions

Participants can prepare timely correspondence that protects contractual positions.

  • Notice drafting using event, clause, impact and reservation language
  • Early warning procedures under NEC4 and associated risk-reduction meetings
  • FIDIC notice requirements and claim-notification timing considered
  • Reservation-of-rights wording without premature quantum or liability admissions
  • Correspondence log linking outgoing notices to receipt acknowledgements
  • Escalation protocol for approaching notice deadlines and missing instructions

Participants can create an evidence plan aligned with a potential claim theory.

  • Evidence plan connecting each asserted fact to source records
  • Daily reports documenting labour, plant, weather, access and instructions
  • Photographs, site diaries and inspection records authenticated and indexed
  • Meeting minutes converted into actions, decisions and unresolved reservations
  • Document chronology showing event development and response dates
  • Record retention controls for email, drawings, programmes and cost data

Participants can test whether an event creates a contractual right to relief.

  • Cause-effect-entitlement analysis linking event, breach, impact and remedy
  • Burden of proof and evidential thresholds in claim submissions
  • Factual causation distinguished from contractual causation and remoteness
  • Mitigation duties, avoidance measures and reasonable-response records
  • Concurrent contractor default tested before accepting time or cost relief
  • Entitlement memorandum structured around clauses, facts and conclusions

Participants can select and apply contractually appropriate methods for valuing changed work.

  • Existing contract rates assessed for comparable changed work
  • Star rates developed from resource build-ups and tender allowances
  • Daywork records verified through signed labour, plant and material sheets
  • Quotation analysis testing quantities, productivity, preliminaries and profit
  • Defined Cost and fee principles under NEC4 compensation events
  • Valuation assumptions recorded to prevent later scope and rate disputes

Participants can separate direct variation costs from time-related and productivity losses.

  • Direct cost categories: labour, materials, plant, subcontractors and overheads
  • Prolongation costs linked to extended site presence and time entitlement
  • Disruption versus delay distinguished through productivity and sequencing effects
  • Measured mile method comparing impacted and unimpacted productivity periods
  • Productivity records using output quantities, hours and work-front conditions
  • Head-office overhead recovery considered under contract and evidential requirements

Participants can use programme information to identify critical delay and time entitlement.

  • Critical path method logic, activities, float and completion dates
  • Baseline programme quality checks before relying on delay analysis
  • Update programmes compared against actual progress and changed logic
  • Critical, near-critical and non-critical delay effects distinguished
  • Float ownership and concurrent delay treatment reviewed
  • Programme narratives documenting assumptions, revisions and recovery measures

Participants can select a proportionate delay-analysis method and explain its findings.

  • Time impact analysis inserting a fragnet into the accepted programme
  • Windows analysis comparing delay events across successive update periods
  • As-planned versus as-built analysis and its evidential limitations
  • Collapsed as-built analysis considered for retrospective causation assessment
  • Society of Construction Law Protocol principles for method selection
  • Delay-analysis report structure covering data, method, findings and limitations

Participants can prepare and assess an extension-of-time claim with supporting programme evidence.

  • Extension-of-time claim components: notice, event, cause, analysis and relief
  • Delay event chronology aligned with instructions, records and programme updates
  • Contract completion date, sectional completion and milestone impacts assessed
  • Concurrent delay positions documented using contract wording and evidence
  • Mitigation and acceleration measures evaluated against programme recovery duties
  • Extension-of-time decision letter stating findings, relief and reservations

Participants can assess disruption claims using credible productivity evidence and causation analysis.

  • Disruption claim theory based on interference with planned work methods
  • Measured mile selection using comparable scope, conditions and productivity
  • Labour-hour analysis separating inefficiency from quantity growth
  • Cumulative impact arguments tested against individual event evidence
  • Learning curves, rework and trade stacking evaluated as disruption factors
  • Disruption narrative connecting work-front constraints to quantified loss

Participants can review claim submissions systematically and issue reasoned determinations.

  • Claim review checklist covering jurisdiction, entitlement, causation, quantum and evidence
  • Completeness review identifying missing notices, records and programme data
  • Counterfactual testing of claimed impacts against contractor responsibility
  • Quantity and rate verification using source documents and audit trails
  • Independent expert input scoped for delay, quantum or technical issues
  • Determination letter distinguishing accepted, rejected and deferred claim elements

Participants can assemble a persuasive claim dossier that meets contractual submission requirements.

  • Claim narrative structured around entitlement, facts, causation and quantum
  • Executive claim summary presenting relief sought and key evidence
  • Chronology, document index and exhibit numbering for traceable submissions
  • Quantum schedules reconciling claimed amounts to invoices and records
  • Witness statements and factual narratives prepared from contemporaneous evidence
  • Submission checklist confirming deadlines, signatures and contractual attachments

Participants can report change exposure and claims status to project decision-makers.

  • Change dashboard showing instructed value, pending exposure and ageing
  • Claims register tracking notices, submissions, determinations and settlement status
  • Forecast final account incorporating approved, pending and disputed changes
  • Risk-adjusted exposure ranges based on entitlement and evidence strength
  • Management reports separating commercial facts from negotiation strategy
  • Close-out plan targeting unresolved variations, claims and final releases

Participants can plan and conduct claim negotiations while protecting contractual rights.

  • Issue matrix separating agreed facts, disputed facts and legal positions
  • Negotiation preparation using interests, options, alternatives and settlement limits
  • Without-prejudice communications and their appropriate procedural use
  • Package settlements trading time, money, scope and future-risk allocations
  • Settlement agreement clauses covering releases, payment, confidentiality and authority
  • Negotiation record documenting offers, concessions and unresolved reservations

Participants can select proportionate escalation routes before claims become formal disputes.

  • Dispute avoidance through senior review, joint fact-finding and early meetings
  • Dispute boards, adjudication, mediation, arbitration and litigation compared
  • FIDIC dispute avoidance and adjudication board procedures introduced
  • NEC4 dispute resolution options and escalation mechanisms reviewed
  • Referral strategy based on value, urgency, relationships and evidence
  • Privilege, confidentiality and document preservation considerations identified

Participants can manage upstream and downstream change obligations without creating coverage gaps.

  • Back-to-back provisions tested for notice, time and valuation alignment
  • Subcontractor claims assessed before corresponding upstream claim submission
  • Flow-down instructions, access constraints and design information managed
  • Pay-when-paid, pay-if-paid and certification clauses distinguished
  • Subcontract change register linked to main-contract event records
  • Settlement releases checked for unintended effects on upstream recovery

Participants can build, review and present a complete change and claims file for a contested project event.

  • Select a contested event and define contractual relief sought
  • Build clause matrix, event chronology and evidence index
  • Draft notice, entitlement memorandum and change-register entry
  • Prepare valuation schedule and time-impact analysis summary
  • Review dossier against employer or contractor assessment criteria
  • Present claim position, negotiation strategy and close-out actions

Exercises and examples are adapted to each cohort's sectors and roles.

What you take back to work

  1. Change-control workflow and approval matrix
  2. Contract notice and reservation-of-rights templates
  3. Change and claims register
  4. Claims evidence plan and document chronology
  5. Extension-of-time claim assessment checklist
  6. Complete change and claims file

Who should attend

  • Contracts Managers — administer changes, claims and contractual correspondence
  • Project Managers — control scope, programme impacts and commercial exposure
  • Quantity Surveyors — value variations and assess contractor submissions
  • Contract Administrators — issue instructions, notices and payment decisions
  • Engineers and Site Managers — create records supporting entitlement assessments
  • Procurement and Commercial Managers — manage contract risk after award

Skills and tools covered

Change controlContract interpretationClaims documentationDelay analysisVariation valuationSettlement negotiation

Tools and standards

FIDIC Conditions of Contract, NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, Society of Construction Law Delay and Disruption Protocol, Critical Path Method

How the course runs

Training methodology

Short instructor briefings introduce clause analysis, change-control workflows, valuation methods and delay principles. Participants apply these methods to contract extracts, project records, correspondence, programmes and cost data drawn from realistic project cases. Group work examines claims from employer and contractor positions, followed by simulations of notices, claim reviews and settlement meetings. Facilitated feedback tests the strength of evidence, logic and contractual basis. Individual application planning connects the course tools to participants' active contracts and approval processes.

Requirements and prerequisites

Participants should have practical exposure to projects, procurement, contract administration, commercial management or site delivery. They should be able to read a contract, identify parties and understand basic concepts such as scope, programme, payment and variation. Experience with FIDIC, NEC4 or another standard form is useful but not essential; the course explains the relevant contract mechanisms before applying them. No legal qualification, formal claims-writing experience, scheduling certification or advanced cost-estimating background is required. Participants may bring anonymised contract clauses or current project issues.

A typical training day

08:30 – 10:30First session
10:30 – 10:45Refreshment break
10:45 – 12:30Second session
12:30 – 13:30Lunch and networking
13:30 – 15:00Third session
15:00 – 15:15Refreshment break
15:15 – 16:30Workshop and daily review

Live online deliveries follow the same structure in East Africa Time, with shorter screen blocks and longer breaks.

What the fee includes

  • Instruction by a practitioner facilitator
  • Full course workbook and materials
  • Exercise files, templates and case studies
  • Refreshments and lunch on classroom deliveries
  • Certificate of completion
  • Post-course application plan

Frequently asked questions

You should understand basic project contracts, scope, programme and payment concepts. Prior work with FIDIC, NEC4 or formal claims is helpful but not required.

Bring anonymised contract clauses, change registers, correspondence or claim issues if your employer permits. Course cases and templates are provided, so bringing live documents is optional.

It is designed for contracts, commercial, project, engineering, quantity surveying and procurement professionals. Both employer-side and contractor-side participants will work with the same core methods.

General contract management covers the full contract lifecycle and broad administration responsibilities. This course concentrates on changed work, notices, evidence, valuation, delay, claims assessment and settlement.

Participants can introduce the change register, notice checklist, evidence plan and review workflow on active projects. The methods apply to live variations, extension-of-time requests, compensation events and subcontractor submissions.

Each day runs from 08:30 to 16:30 and provides about 6.5 contact hours. Early modules establish contract and change-control foundations; later modules develop valuation, delay, claims, negotiation and the final claims-file capstone.

Questions about this course?

Ask about dates, fees, group bookings or running it for your team. Our training team replies by email.